Human IgA-Expressing Bone Marrow Plasma Cells Characteristically Upregulate Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Upon B Cell Receptor Stimulation

Producing Soluble Human Programmed Cell Death Protein-1: A Natural supporter for CD4+T cell Cytotoxicity and Tumor Cells Apoptosis

Background: Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway is one of the immune checkpoint pathways involved in regulation of the immune responses and suppression of anti-tumor defense. PD-1/B7-H1-blocking antibodies improve immune responses such as cytotoxic activity of CD8+/CD4+T cells and also increase mortality of tumor cells; however their use is accompanied by adverse effects in pat...

Signaling in B Cells Regulation of TLR and B Cell Receptor Bone Marrow Dendritic Cell-Mediated

Chemotherapy induces tumor immune evasion by upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in bone marrow stromal cells

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a negative regulator of the immune response that enables tumor cells to escape T-cell immunity. Although PD-L1 expression in cancer cells has been extensively studied, the expression of PD-L1 in stromal cells and its clinical significance remain largely unknown. Here, we show that bone marrow stromal cells express a low level of PD-L1 and that this mole...

Sertoli cell condition medium can induce germ like cells from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells

Objective(s): Although many researchers have confirmed induction of germ cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), there are no reports that confirm spontaneous differentiation of germ cells from BMMSCs. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of adult Sertoli cell condition medium (SCCM) as a mutative factor in the induction of germ cells from BMMSCs. Materials and Methods: ...

Targeting the programmed cell death 1: programmed cell death ligand 1 pathway reverses T cell exhaustion in patients with sepsis

INTRODUCTION A major pathophysiologic mechanism in sepsis is impaired host immunity which results in failure to eradicate invading pathogens and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Although many immunosuppressive mechanisms exist, increased expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are thought to play key roles. The newly recognize...